Evidence-Based Pet Nutrition:
Explore our research.
At BLUE, we’re dedicated to providing science driven nutrition that supports optimal pet health. We strive to advance small animal nutrition through validation of our therapeutic diets, exploration of the latest nutritional technology, and unwavering commitment to evidence-based veterinary literature. We invite you to explore how our collaboration with veterinary and nutrition experts is driving advancements in animal health.

Evaluation of a New Hydrolyzed Salmon-Based Diet in Dogs With Suspected Cutaneous Adverse Food Reaction: A Multi-Center Randomized Triple-Blinded Clinical Trial
This multi-center, randomized, blinded, crossover study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD HF canine dry diet, compared with Royal Canin Ultamino dry diet, in 47 dogs with clinical signs of cutaneous adverse food reaction. After 8 weeks of feeding each diet, the veterinary dermatologist-rated CADESI skin lesion score significantly decreased only with HF, and fewer dogs had adverse events during the feeding period with HF. These results confirm the utility of HF in the management of dogs with dermatologic signs of food allergy.
Lewis T et al. Evaluation of a new hydrolyzed salmon-based diet in dogs with suspected cutaneous adverse food reaction: a multi-center randomized triple-blinded clinical trial. In Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Dermatology Forum (NAVDF); 2019 April 10-13; Austin, Tx.
Novel Food With Mixed Soluble Fiber Promotes Quicker Resolution of Acute Diarrhea in Shelter Kittens
This study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD GI Support feline dry diet, compared with a commercial control food, in 64 kittens with acute uncomplicated diarrhea in a shelter environment. Feeding the GI diet, which was enriched in mixed soluble fiber, resulted in a significantly shorter time to diarrhea resolution (4.1 days vs 5.5 days with low soluble fiber control diet). These results confirm the efficacy of BLUE NVD GI Support feline formula for resolution of acute diarrhea.
Frantz NZ et al. Novel food with mixed soluble fiber promotes quicker resolution of acute diarrhea in shelter kittens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2020; 104:406.
Novel Food With Mixed Soluble Fiber Promotes Quicker Resolution of Acute Diarrhea in Shelter Puppies
This study evaluated the effect of feeding BLUE NVD GI Support canine dry diet, compared with a commercial control food, in 64 puppies with acute uncomplicated diarrhea in a shelter environment. Feeding the GI diet, which was enriched in mixed soluble fiber, resulted in better average stool scores and a significantly shorter time to diarrhea resolution (3.4 days vs 4.4 days with low soluble fiber control diet). These results confirm the efficacy of BLUE NVD GI Support canine formula for resolution of acute diarrhea.
Frantz NZ et al. Novel food with mixed soluble fiber promotes quicker resolution of acute diarrhea in shelter puppies. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2020; 104:406.
Novel Food With Mixed Soluble Fiber Promotes Improved Stool Scores in Cats With Chronic Diarrhea
This randomized crossover study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD GI Support feline dry diet, compared with a commercial control food, in 19 otherwise healthy adult cats with chronic diarrhea. After 28 days of feeding each food, average stool scores were significantly better and more acceptable stools/fewer poor stools were noted with the GI diet, which was enriched in mixed soluble fiber, compared with the low soluble fiber control diet. These results confirm the efficacy of BLUE NVD GI Support feline formula for improvement of chronic diarrhea.
Franz NZ et al. Novel food with mixed soluble fiber promotes improved stool scores in cats with chronic diarrhea. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2020; 104:406.
A Veterinary Gastrointestinal Diet Affects Fecal Characteristics, Metabolites, Bile Acids, and Microbiota Concentrations of Antibiotic-Treated Cats
This randomized controlled parallel study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD GI Support feline dry diet vs a commercial control food in 24 otherwise healthy metronidazole-treated adult cats. Fecal characteristics and metabolites, bile acid, and microbiota concentrations over 4 weeks demonstrated that metronidazole has long-lasting effects on the fecal microbiota of cats and that BLUE NVD GI aided in the recovery of several variables measured.
Belchik SE et al. A Veterinary Gastrointestinal Diet Affects Fecal Characteristics, Metabolites, Bile Acids, and Microbiota Concentrations of Antibiotic-Treated Cats. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:443-444.
A Veterinary Gastrointestinal Low-Fat Diet Affects Fecal Characteristics, Metabolites, Bile Acids, and Microbiota Concentrations of Antibiotic-Treated Dogs
This randomized controlled parallel study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD GI Support Low Fat canine dry diet vs a commercial control food in 24 otherwise healthy metronidazole-treated adult dogs. Fecal characteristics and metabolites, bile acid, and microbiota concentrations over 4 weeks demonstrated that metronidazole has long-lasting effects on the fecal microbiota and metabolites of dogs and that while most parameters return to baseline over time, BLUE NVD GI Low Fat may aid in the recovery.
Belchik SE et al. A Veterinary Gastrointestinal Low-Fat Diet Affects Fecal Characteristics, Metabolites, Bile Acids, and Microbiota Concentrations of Antibiotic-Treated Dogs. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:442-443.
Reduced Protein Food With L-Carnitine Maintains Lean Mass and Renal Health in Senior Cats
This study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD K+M feline dry diet for 6 months on body composition and renal health in 12 healthy senior cats. After transitioning from a higher-protein diet without added L-carnitine to lower-protein K+M with added L-carnitine, lean body mass and SDMA remained stable and within normal range throughout the study. These results demonstrate the utility of K+M for maintaining lean mass and supporting renal function.
Frantz NZ et al. Reduced protein food with L-carnitine maintains lean mass and renal health in senior cats. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Virtual, June 10-11, 2020.
Effect of a Struvite Dissolution Diet in Cats With Naturally Occurring Struvite Urolithiasis
This university clinical study evaluated the success of feeding BLUE NVD W+U feline dry diet in dissolving struvite cystoliths in client-owned cats. In 8 of the 9 cats completing the study, complete radiographic dissolution of uroliths was noted: within 14 days of feeding in 2 cats, in 28 days in 5 cats, and in 70 days in 1 cat. An additional cat had partial dissolution with removal of remaining calcium oxalate uroliths. These results confirm the efficacy of BLUE NVD W+U for dissolution of struvite uroliths in cats.
Tefft KM et al. Effect of a struvite dissolution diet in cats with naturally occurring struvite urolithiasis. J Fel Med Surg. 2020.
Feeding a High-Fiber, High-Protein Diet Lowers Serum Fructosamine and Delays Insulin Use in Diabetic Cats
This clinical study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD W+U feline dry diet in client-owned cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. None of the 6 cats that completed the 120-day study required insulin treatment or developed diabetic ketoacidosis or complications that required hospitalization, and in 5 of the 6 cats, serum fructosamine concentrations declined. These results confirm the utility of BLUE NVD W+U feline formula in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Cohn A et al. Feeding a High-Fiber, High-Protein Diet Lowers Serum Fructosamine and Delays Insulin Use in Diabetic Cats. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Austin TX, June 21-22, 2022.
Serum Biomarkers Predict Improved Body Composition in Overweight Dogs Fed a Therapeutic Diet
Three studies evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD W+U canine dry diet for 60 days on serum biomarkers and body composition during weight loss in 45 overweight adult dogs. Dogs lost 16.3% of their initial weight and 39.6% fat; serum leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and ghrelin were most predictive of % change in body fat and ghrelin and glucagon, of % change in lean mass. These results prove the efficacy of the nutrition in BLUE NVD W+U for promoting optimal weight loss and corresponding metabolic changes in dogs.
Panasevich M et al. Serum biomarkers predict improved body composition in overweight dogs fed a therapeutic diet. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Virtual, June 2-3, 2021.
Improved Body Composition Is Linked to Serum Biomarkers in Overweight Cats Fed a Therapeutic Diet
Two studies evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD W+U feline dry diet for 60 days on serum biomarkers and body composition during weight loss in 26 overweight adult cats. Cats lost 12.5% of their initial weight and 36.8% fat; serum IGF-1, insulin, C-reactive protein, and peptide-YY were most predictive of % change in body fat and % change in lean mass. These results prove the efficacy of BLUE NVD W+U for promoting optimal weight loss and corresponding metabolic changes in cats.
Panasevich M et al. Improved body composition is linked to serum biomarkers in overweight cats fed a therapeutic diet. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Virtual, June 2-3, 2021.
A Moderate Sodium Novel Dry Diet Dissolves Naturally Occurring Struvite Cystoliths in Cats
This prospective, non-blinded study evaluated the efficacy of BLUE NVD W+U feline dry diet in thirteen client-owned adult cats with suspected struvite cystolithiasis. The study was conducted for up to 56 days or until radiographs performed every 2 weeks demonstrated dissolution. Of the ten cats that completed the study, nine experienced complete dissolution, including three by day 14 and 5 by day 28. One cat with incomplete dissolution at day 56 underwent cystotomy and uroliths were determined to be calcium oxalate. The other cat with incomplete dissolution at day 56 showed complete dissolution by day 70. These study findings indicate that BLUE NVD W+U feline dry diet was successful in dissolving suspected struvite cystoliths.
Tefft KM et al. A moderate sodium novel dry diet dissolves naturally occurring struvite cystoliths in cats. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Virtual, June 10-11, 2020.
Novel Food Containing Antioxidants and Fish Oil Improves Mobility Scores in Arthritic Dogs
This study evaluated the effects of feeding BLUE NVD W+M canine dry diet, compared with a commercial control food, for 56 days in 31 dogs with clinically evident arthritis. Feeding the W+M diet, which was enriched in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids compared with the control diet, resulted in improved arthritis scores. These results confirm the efficacy of the nutrition in W+M for clinical management of arthritic dogs.
Frantz NZ et al. Novel food containing antioxidants and fish oil improves mobility scores in arthritic dogs. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Virtual, June 10-11, 2020.
Evaluation of Antioxidant-Containing Kibble on Serum Antioxidant Biomarkers in Adult Beagles
This randomized crossover study evaluated oxidative health biomarkers in 30 healthy adult Beagles fed Blue Buffalo Life Protection Formula Adult Chicken and Brown Rice dry formula without (control) and with the antioxidant-containing LifeSource Bits kibbles (test) for 28 days. Serum advanced glycation end products and malondialdehyde were numerically less when dogs were fed the test diet, although these trends were not statistically significant. These results suggest that the inclusion of LifeSource Bits in a Blue Buffalo diet contributes to reduction of oxidative stress in dogs.
Panasevich M et al. Evaluation of Antioxidant-containing Kibble on Serum Antioxidant Biomarkers in Adult Beagles. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100 Supp 3:57-58.
Antioxidant-Containing Kibble Supplemented to Adult Cats Elicited Improvements in Antioxidant Outcomes and C-Reactive Protein
This randomized crossover study evaluated oxidative health biomarkers in 30 healthy adult cats fed Blue Buffalo Healthy Living Adult Chicken and Brown Rice dry formula without (control) and with the antioxidant-containing LifeSource Bits kibbles (test) for 28 days. Serum advanced glycation end products and malondialdehyde, as well as C-reactive protein, were significantly less when cats were fed the test diet. These results demonstrate that the inclusion of LifeSource Bits in a Blue Buffalo diet contributes to reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation in cats.
Panasevich M et al. Antioxidant-containing Kibble Supplemented to Adult Cats Elicited Improvements in Antioxidant Outcomes and C-reactive Protein. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100 Supp 3:58.
Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats
This study evaluated the effects of feeding a diet with 2.6% added ground flaxseed, compared with feeding a control diet without flaxseed, to adult cats (n= 10/diet), on serum alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentrations, nutrient digestibility, and stool quality. Flax-fed cats had significantly greater serum ALA after 14 and 28 days, and no significant differences were observed in stool quality or nutrient digestibility. These results demonstrate that ground flaxseed can be used as a bioavailable source of ALA, an omega-3 fatty acid shown to moderate inflammation in cats, without negatively affecting nutrient digestibility.
Panasevich MR et al. Dietary ground flaxseed increases serum alpha-linolenic acid concentrations in adult cats. Animals 2022; 12:2543.
A Probiotic Blend Improves Fecal Quality and Enhances Gut Immunity in Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea
This crossover study in twenty-two adult dogs, half healthy and half with chronic diarrhea, compared a control kibble vs. a control kibble with a probiotic blend of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Results demonstrated firmer stools in both groups fed the diet supplemented with the probiotic blend and increased IgA concentrations, suggesting enhanced gut immunity, in dogs with chronic diarrhea fed the diet with the supplemented probiotic blend.
Lin CY et al. A Probiotic Blend Improves Fecal Quality and Enhances Gut Immunity in Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:464-465.
A Premium Dry Dog Food Elicits Gut Health Benefits Compared with a Grocery Dry Dog Food
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding Blue Buffalo and a grocery dog kibble diet on digestibility, blood biomarkers, and fecal microbiome in 60 randomly assigned healthy adult dogs for 180 days. The results suggest that premium dry dog food could potentially elicit a positive impact on blood parameters and GI health.
Lin CY et al. A Premium Dry Dog Food Elicits Gut Health Benefits Compared with a Grocery Dry Dog Food. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:465-466.
A Premium Dry Cat Food Enhances Digestibility and Gut Health in Cats Compared with a Grocery Dry Cat Food
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding Blue Buffalo and a basic grocery cat kibble diet on digestibility, blood biomarkers, and fecal microbiome in 60 randomly assigned healthy adult cats for 180 days. The results suggest that feeding Blue Buffalo dry cat food may elicit beneficial effects on digestibility and the GI microbiome of healthy adult cats compared with a basic grocery cat kibble diet.
Lin CY et al. A Premium Dry Cat Food Enhances Digestibility and Gut Health in Cats Compared with a Grocery Dry Cat Food. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:465.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Modulates Blood Cell Counts and Gut Immunity in Healthy Adult Cats
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on immune indices including fecal IgA, serum oxidative stress markers, and toll-like receptor (TLR) responsiveness in 63 healthy adult cats. The results demonstrate that SCFP may affect immune outcomes including blood cell counts and fecal IgA in adult healthy cats.
Lin CY et al. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Modulates Blood Cell Counts and Gut Immunity in Healthy Adult Cats. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:462.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Influences Indicators of Gut Health and Function in Healthy Adult Cats
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on gut-related outcomes in 63 healthy adult cats. The results demonstrate that SCFP may affect immune outcomes including blood cell counts and fecal IgA in adult healthy cats. The results suggest SCFP influences several gastrointestinal outcomes in adult cats including pathways associated with SCFA production, cross-feeding, and/or absorption.
Norton SA et al. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Influences Indicators of Gut Health and Function in Healthy Adult Cats. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:460-461.; 101 Supp 3:460-461.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Promotes Improved Preference and Consumption in Adult Cats Fed an Extruded Diet
The objective of this study was to quantify key indicators of palatability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) formulated at two levels versus a control in an extruded, complete and balanced adult cat maintenance cat food. The results show SCFP increases the palatability of an extruded cat food and that inclusion of a targeted level may yield optimal palatability and preference outcomes.
Norton SA et al. Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product Promotes Improved Preference and Consumption in Adult Cats Fed an Extruded Diet. J Anim Sci. 2023; 101 Supp 3:461-462.
Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-supplemented Diet on Fecal Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Gene Expression of Adult Dogs Undergoing Transport Stress
The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to measure the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on dogs undergoing transport stress in 16 healthy adult pointer dogs. The results suggested SCFP may beneficially suppress innate immune cell activation during transport stress.
Yotis SM et al. Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-supplemented Diet on Fecal Characteristics, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Gene Expression of Adult Dogs Undergoing Transport Stress. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100 Supp 3:59-60.
Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-supplemented Diet on Circulating Immune Cells and Oxidative Stress Markers of Dogs
The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to measure the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on measures of skin and coat health, changes in circulating immune cell numbers and activity, antioxidant status, and oxidative stress markers in 16 healthy adult pointer dogs. The results suggest SCFP positively impacts indicators of skin and coat health, modulates immune response, and enhances some antioxidant defense markers.
Yotis SM et al. Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-supplemented Diet on Circulating Immune Cells and Oxidative Stress Markers of Dogs. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100 Supp 3:276.
Effect of a Yeast Product on Palatability, Fecal Microbiota, and Blood Values of Adult Cats
The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to measure the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on diet palatability and digestibility, fecal microbiota, and blood values in 12 healthy adult cats. Results suggest that SCFP is safe for cat consumption, palatable, and may promote gut health by altering intestinal microbial populations.
Lin CY et al. Effect of a Yeast Product on Palatability, Fecal Microbiota, and Blood Values of Adult Cats. J Anim Sci. 2022; 100 Supp 3:51.
Altered Fecal Microbiota, IgA, and Fermentative End-Products in Adult Dogs Fed Prebiotics and a Nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus
In this randomized crossover study, the effect of nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus (NVDL) and a mixed prebiotic blend (MP) on fecal microbiota, fermentative end products, and gut immune health was evaluated in healthy adult Beagle dogs. Overall, the MP fed dogs demonstrated the most changes, with further evaluation of NVL warranted.
Panasevich MR et al. Altered fecal microbiota, IgA, and fermentative end-products in adult dogs fed prebiotics and a nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Anim Sci. 2021; 99:1-11.
Performance of Sunflower Protein Meal and Dried Yeast As Secondary Protein Sources in Feline Diets
This study aimed to assess various levels of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Palatability and stool quality were similar across diets and protein digestibility exceeded 88% for all diets. Both investigated ingredients showed promise as alternative protein sources in feline diets.
Brewer L et al. Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets. J Anim Sci. 2021; 99 Supp 3:334-335.
Performance of Sunflower Protein Meal and Dried Yeast As Secondary Protein Sources in Canine Diets
This study aimed to assess various levels of sunflower protein meal (SPM) and dried yeast (DY) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult dogs. Palatability for DY was comparable to the control diet, while palatability was reduced for the SPM containing diet. Stool quality and digestibility were similar across diets. Both investigated ingredients showed promise as alternative protein sources in canine diets.
Brewer L et al. Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in canine diets. J Anim Sci. 2021; 99 Supp 3:335.
Inclusion of Lemna as a Plant-Based Protein Ingredient in Dog and Cat Diets
In this study, diets containing Lemna, a novel plan-based protein, at varying inclusion levels, were evaluated in both cats and dogs for palatability, stool quality, and nutrient digestibility. Several Lemna-containing diets showed lower intake ratios relative to control diets. No difference among nutrient digestibility was found in diets fed to dogs, while nutrient digestibility was lower in Leman-containing diets in cats. Stool quality was acceptable in all diets in both species. The results suggest further development is needed for Lemna inclusion in companion animal diets.
Panasevich M et al. Inclusion of Lemna as a plant-based protein ingredient in dog and cat diets. J Anim Sci. 2021; 98 Supp 4:317.
Nonviable Lactobacillus Acidophilus Consumption Decreases Digestibility but Improves Dysbiosis Index in Cats with Chronic Diarrhea
In this randomized crossover study, healthy adult cats were fed both a control dry kibble diet with and without added nonviable Lactobacillus (NVL) to evaluated NVL’s effect on digestibility, fecal characteristics, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites. The results demonstrate that a feline diet incorporating NVL leads to a slight lowering of digestibility with less dysbiotic gut microbiota.
Lin CY et al. Nonviable Lactobacillus Acidophilus Consumption Decreases Digestibility but Improves Dysbiosis Index in Cats with Chronic Diarrhea. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Philadelphia PA, June 13-14, 2023.
Including a Nonviable Lactobacillus Acidophilus Increases Digestibility in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea
In this randomized crossover study, a mix healthy adult dogs and adult dogs with chronic diarrhea were fed both a control dry kibble diet with and without added nonviable Lactobacillus (NVL) to evaluated NVL’s effect on digestibility, fecal characteristics, dysbiosis index, fecal IgA, and fecal metabolites. The results suggest that NVL consumption leads to increased digestibility and reduced fecal protein catabolites, especially in dogs with chronic diarrhea.
Lin CY et al. Including a Nonviable Lactobacillus Acidophilus Increases Digestibility in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Chronic Diarrhea. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Philadelphia PA, June 13-14, 2023.
Effects of Dietary Potassium Fortification on Potassium Efflux and Serum Level in Healthy Adult Cats
In this randomized crossover study, the effect of dietary potassium fortification was evaluated in healthy adult cats. The results showed that 0.78% DM vs 0.94% DM dietary calcium fortification did not change potassium excretion or serum potassium level in healthy cats.
Mitsuhashi Y et al. Effects of Dietary Potassium Fortification on Potassium Efflux and Serum Level in Healthy Adult Cats. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Austin TX, June 21-22, 2022.
Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-Supplemented Diet on Skin and Coat Health of Dogs
The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to measure the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on measures of skin and coat health in 16 adult pointer dogs. Results showed higher sebum concentrations and lower ear transepidermal loss in SCFP-fed dogs, and lower back transepidermal water loss in control dogs. The data suggest SCFP may beneficially affect indicators of skin and coat health in dogs.
Yotis SM et al. Effects of a Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product-Supplemented Diet on Skin and Coat Health of Dogs. In Proceedings AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium. Austin TX, June 21-22, 2022.
Prebiotics Plus Novel Bacterial-Derived Prebiotic Shift Fecal Microbiota, Metabolites, and IgA in Healthy Adult Dogs
In this randomized crossover study, the effect of a novel bacterial-derived prebiotic and mixed prebiotics on fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and gut immune health were evaluated in healthy female and male dogs. Overall, both varieties of prebiotics elicited changes in fecal metabolites, IgA, and microbiota, suggesting gut health benefits.